Mass burn incinerations usually require what percentage of excess air for proper combustion?

Mass burn incineration systems typically require a significant amount of excess air for proper combustion, which is crucial for ensuring that waste materials are completely oxidized. The process of incineration involves burning solid waste at high temperatures, and the availability of excess air helps to promote efficient combustion and reduces the formation of harmful emissions.

In the context of mass burn incineration, the ideal range for excess air generally falls between 80% to 100%. This high level of excess air ensures that there is adequate oxygen available to support the combustion process fully and helps to prevent the formation of toxic byproducts. By ensuring sufficient excess air, operators can achieve higher combustion efficiency, better temperature control, and lower levels of unburned organic material in the ash byproducts.

Choosing a lower percentage of excess air, like that found in other options, may lead to incomplete combustion, increased emissions, and inefficiencies in the process, which are critical factors in waste management practices.