Protocol 1 Gases have what maximum allowable deviation from the certified value?

The correct answer is that Protocol 1 Gases have a maximum allowable deviation from the certified value of 2%. This standard is set to ensure accuracy and reliability in the measurement and calibration processes involving gases. A 2% deviation allows for a manageable margin of error while still maintaining the integrity of the data obtained from these gases.

In the context of gas standards, a tighter control over deviation is critical because even small variances in gas concentration can lead to significant differences in analytical results, which may impact various applications such as environmental monitoring, laboratory experiments, or industrial processes. Therefore, the 2% standard strikes a balance by permitting some flexibility without compromising the quality and precision required for scientific and regulatory purposes.

The other options represent larger allowable deviations, which would reduce the overall reliability and accuracy of measurements involving Protocol 1 Gases.