What is a liquid that evaporates readily at normal temperatures and pressures called?

A liquid that evaporates readily at normal temperatures and pressures is referred to as a volatile liquid. This characteristic is defined by the liquid's ability to transition from a liquid phase to a vapor (gas) phase with relative ease, indicating that it possesses a high vapor pressure at given temperatures. Volatility is an important property in various fields, including chemistry and environmental science, as it influences factors like evaporation rates, concentration in air, and potential for atmospheric interactions.

For example, liquids like alcohol and acetone are considered volatile because they can quickly evaporate when exposed to air, illustrating how they can exert substantial vapor pressure even at room temperature. In contrast, non-volatile liquids, such as water or cooking oil, do not evaporate as readily under the same conditions, leading to lower vapor pressures. Understanding the concept of volatility helps in predicting the behavior of substances in various contexts, such as industrial processes, safety assessments, and environmental impacts.